Pros and Cons of Dog Insurance: Which One is Right for You?
A fractured leg, a sudden illness, or a costly surgery – unexpected veterinary expenses can quickly strain a pet owner’s budget. This comprehensive guide explores the pros and cons of dog insurance, offering a clear understanding of how it provides peace of mind and financial protection. Policies vary significantly, offering different levels of coverage, from accident-only plans to comprehensive coverage encompassing accidents, illnesses, and even routine procedures like vaccinations and dental care. Understanding the nuances of these different plans is crucial for selecting the right one for your canine companion.
Protecting your furry friend from unexpected veterinary costs is paramount. This section delves into canine insurance, explaining what it entails, the various plan types available – from accident-only to comprehensive – and why it’s an essential consideration for pet owners. With veterinary care costs rising, especially for complex procedures like hip dysplasia or spinal surgery, dog insurance can alleviate financial burden and enable pet owners to focus on their dog’s well-being without excessive stress about potential medical needs.
What is Dog Insurance?
Dog insurance acts as a crucial financial safety net for pet owners, offering coverage for unexpected veterinary expenses. Essentially, it’s a form of health insurance tailored for dogs, providing reimbursements for medical treatments, procedures, and even accidents. It’s important to be aware that this coverage usually doesn’t cover all potential vet bills; understanding the limits and exclusions is key to making an informed decision about a pet insurance plan.
Definition of dog insurance: Dog insurance is a contract between you and an insurance provider. In exchange for a monthly premium, the insurance company agrees to cover a portion of your dog’s veterinary costs, mitigating financial burden associated with illnesses, accidents, or routine procedures such as vaccinations and dental care. However, coverage is not limitless and often has exclusions and limitations.
Types of dog insurance plans available: The market offers various dog insurance plans with diverse coverage options. These typically fall into accident-only, illness-only, or comprehensive categories. Accident-only plans focus on injuries, illness-only plans target specific conditions such as cancer, and comprehensive plans offer broader coverage for both. Understanding the distinctions in coverage and exclusions is vital for selecting a suitable policy tailored to your dog’s health needs.
Importance of considering dog insurance: While dog ownership brings immense joy and companionship, unexpected vet bills can quickly become financially burdensome. Dog insurance helps alleviate this strain, allowing you to concentrate on your dog’s health without financial worry. Responsible pet ownership includes financial planning and awareness of potential expenses, making dog insurance a proactive measure against unexpected costs.
Why People Consider Dog Insurance
The rising cost of veterinary care is a major factor driving pet owners towards dog insurance. Routine checkups and vaccinations are already expensive, and unexpected illnesses or injuries can quickly escalate expenses to thousands of pounds. A serious accident, such as a fractured leg, complex tumor surgery, or a critical illness needing intensive care, can quickly deplete a pet owner’s savings. Recent studies consistently demonstrate a significant increase in average veterinary bills, highlighting the financial strain placed on families. This financial burden is often the primary reason pet owners consider insurance coverage, since it offers a safety net against potentially ruinous out-of-pocket costs.
Beyond the financial aspect, dog insurance provides crucial peace of mind for concerned pet owners. Knowing that a substantial portion of potentially costly veterinary expenses are covered can alleviate significant stress during uncertain times. This peace of mind allows owners to focus on their pet’s recovery without the constant worry of accumulating medical bills. Importantly, it allows owners to provide the highest quality care, knowing the financial burden is potentially mitigated.
Furthermore, dog insurance often provides crucial coverage for unforeseen emergencies and accidents. These unexpected events, which can occur at any time, can necessitate expensive treatments regardless of the pet’s well-being. Insurance coverage often extends to accidents like car crashes, injuries during play, or sudden illnesses requiring hospitalization and intensive care. This comprehensive coverage helps shield pet owners from substantial financial burdens related to acute events, including sudden and unexpected conditions.
Dog insurance offers significant benefits beyond mere peace of mind. This section explores financial protections it provides, including coverage for unexpected medical emergencies, reduced financial strain during health crises, and improved budgeting for pet care. Additionally, we will discuss the various care options available, from a diverse range of treatments to preventative care, highlighting the importance of understanding coverage levels, pre-existing condition exclusions, and annual limits related to policy selection.
Financial Protection: A Crucial Benefit of Dog Insurance
Dog insurance offers a crucial layer of financial protection, shielding you from the significant costs associated with unexpected medical emergencies. This is arguably the most compelling reason for many pet owners to consider coverage. Imagine your beloved canine companion experiencing a sudden illness or accident – a twisted leg, a serious infection, or a complex surgery. Without insurance, these events can quickly deplete your savings and create substantial financial strain. Dog insurance mitigates this risk, ensuring that you’re not faced with a potentially crushing bill, while also enabling you to access the best possible, potentially life-saving treatment for your pet.
Dog insurance offers a crucial financial safety net, shielding pet owners from the substantial costs associated with unexpected medical emergencies. This is a primary motivator for many pet owners considering coverage. Picture your beloved canine companion facing a sudden illness or accident – a broken leg, a serious infection, or complex surgery. Without insurance, these events can quickly deplete savings and create significant financial strain. Dog insurance mitigates this risk, ensuring you’re not burdened by potentially crippling veterinary bills. Understanding coverage details is vital.
Coverage for unexpected medical emergencies
Dog insurance plans typically cover a wide spectrum of veterinary expenses, from routine checkups and preventative care to emergency treatments and surgeries. This coverage provides peace of mind, knowing that specialized care for your dog won’t lead to insurmountable financial pressures. The coverage often includes diagnostics (X-rays, ultrasounds), medications, anesthesia, blood work, and emergency hospitalization – however, coverage varies greatly depending on your chosen plan. Critical when comparing plans is thoroughly reviewing specific emergency room and specialist coverage. Remember that insurance benefits differ significantly across various plans, so meticulous evaluation of coverage levels and the types of conditions covered is essential.
Less financial burden during health crises
The cost of veterinary care can escalate quickly, particularly for pets needing extensive treatment. Dog insurance significantly reduces the financial burden during these challenging times. Insurance can help you establish more realistic budgets, diminishing financial anxiety about the future. By helping to spread treatment costs over time and lowering the need for immediate large cash outlays, insurance makes managing pet health crises feel significantly more manageable and less daunting.
Budgeting for pet care
Dog insurance enables more effective budgeting for pet care. Having financial protection allows proactive planning for your dog’s overall well-being. This crucial strategy for pet care prioritizes your pet’s needs by including veterinary visits and costs in your budget and prepares you for the unexpected. This is particularly helpful for routine vet visits, but is equally useful for more significant health concerns, such as those requiring long-term care. You can prioritize your dog’s needs without worrying about the immediate financial impact. A clearly defined budget assists in determining if an insurance plan is a cost-effective investment, aligning to your current and foreseeable needs. This financial planning fosters better preparedness to navigate unexpected crisis situations.
Comprehensive Care Options
Comprehensive Care Options
Dog insurance isn’t solely about covering emergencies; it offers a comprehensive approach to optimizing your dog’s health and well-being. These plans often extend beyond reactive treatment and encompass proactive measures. Crucially, preventative care and early interventions can significantly improve your pet’s overall quality of life.
Access to a Wide Range of Treatments:
Insurance provides access to a broader range of treatments – from routine checkups to complex surgeries. Policies often cover crucial procedures like dental work, orthopedic surgeries (essential for breeds prone to conditions like hip or elbow dysplasia), and advanced diagnostic procedures such as X-rays, ultrasounds, and blood tests. This ensures your furry friend gets the appropriate care for both routine and serious conditions. Always carefully review the specific procedures and associated costs covered by the policy in detail.
Preventative Care Options:
Many dog insurance plans now include preventative care options. These proactive measures significantly reduce the likelihood of major health issues later on. For instance, some policies cover vaccinations, routine checkups for early detection of potential health problems, and wellness visits. These benefits are exceptionally valuable for senior dogs or breeds predisposed to certain medical conditions. Look for policies that include preventative screenings to anticipate health issues before they arise.
Variability in Coverage Levels:
Pet insurance policies vary greatly in coverage levels, influenced by factors such as policy type, the pet’s age, health, claim history, location, cost, breed, and sex. There are often annual limits and per-condition limits, and these are not always the same across different providers. Renewal is necessary for continued coverage, with premiums that may increase as pets age. A thorough understanding of these limitations is essential when selecting suitable coverage. Policies can vary drastically depending on the underlying conditions covered by these policies (i.e., pre-existing conditions may be excluded), so research and review are important.
It’s crucial to understand that insurance plans vary significantly in their coverage levels, impacting the breadth and depth of care options available. Some policies offer comprehensive coverage for a wide range of treatments, while others prioritize essential services. Careful comparison is essential to find a policy tailored to your dog’s unique needs and your budget. Consider factors like your dog’s age, breed, size, and lifestyle when assessing the potential for future health problems; breed-specific predispositions can influence needed coverage. Don’t hesitate to ask providers detailed questions about the limits and exclusions within each coverage level. This proactive approach ensures a suitable match for your furry friend’s care.
While the previous section highlighted the benefits of dog insurance, it’s equally crucial to understand the potential drawbacks. This section examines critical cons, focusing on potential financial burdens and policy limitations. Consider monthly premiums, deductibles, and the long-term financial commitment, especially if a significant health event occurs. We’ll also explore exclusions for pre-existing conditions and potential payout caps, ensuring readers have a complete and balanced understanding of the complexities of dog insurance before making a decision.
Cost Considerations: A Critical Aspect of Dog Insurance
While dog insurance offers invaluable financial protection, understanding the cost implications is crucial for informed decision-making. A lack of awareness can lead to unexpected financial strain. Here’s a breakdown of key cost considerations:
Monthly Premium Costs:
The monthly premium is the upfront cost of your dog insurance policy. Premiums significantly vary based on factors such as breed, age, location, any pre-existing conditions, the type of coverage, and the chosen provider. Discounts for preventative care are sometimes available. However, breeds predisposed to specific illnesses, like hip dysplasia, may result in higher premiums. Carefully compare quotes from multiple providers to assess the typical range and identify potential discounts or bundled options.
Deductibles and Out-of-Pocket Expenses:
Even with seemingly comprehensive coverage, you’ll likely need to meet a deductible before the insurance starts to pay. This deductible is the amount you pay for veterinary care before the insurance kicks in. Higher deductibles are often correlated with lower monthly premiums. Account for additional out-of-pocket expenses, such as co-pays, which represent a percentage of vet bills not covered by the insurer. Be realistic in your budgeting, as even with significant insurer coverage, substantial out-of-pocket costs can occur. Carefully evaluate the deductible and associated expenses before making a policy decision. Policy limitations impacting your out-of-pocket costs should also be assessed carefully.
Potential for Higher Long-Term Costs:
While short-term costs appear manageable, the long-term financial commitment can increase, notably if your dog experiences significant health issues requiring extended care. Chronic conditions, emergency surgeries, or ongoing treatment regimens can lead to higher premiums over time. Long-term care plans, particularly tailored to your dog’s breed, might be a helpful option for mitigating long-term financial commitments. Thoroughly evaluate how these long-term cost implications could impact your budget.
Understanding these cost considerations is essential for determining if dog insurance is the right financial choice. Analyze not just the initial premium, but also the interplay of premiums, deductibles, co-pays, potential long-term expenses, and the overall financial impact on your pet’s care. Factor in the cost of veterinary care, which can vary greatly depending on the type of procedure or illness. Reviewing the policy carefully for these costs and the potential out-of-pocket expenses is crucial.
Policy Limitations: Understanding the Fine Print of Dog Insurance
While dog insurance provides vital financial protection, understanding its limitations is critical. These limitations can significantly impact your coverage and out-of-pocket costs. Key areas to examine include exclusions, payouts, and waiting periods. Comparing different policies and understanding their exclusion criteria is paramount for making an informed decision.
Exclusions of Pre-Existing Conditions:
A significant drawback of many dog insurance policies is the exclusion of pre-existing conditions. This means if your dog has a medical issue diagnosed before you purchase insurance, coverage is often denied. Thoroughly reviewing veterinary records for any potential pre-existing conditions before buying a policy is essential. Policies vary in their definition of pre-existing conditions, so scrutinizing policy details is critical to understanding exactly what constitutes such a condition.
Caps on Payouts:
Insurance companies often impose limits on the total payout for a dog’s lifetime care, or per illness. While insurance may cover a substantial portion of treatment initially, coverage is finite. Review policy documents for these limits to ensure they won’t hinder necessary treatment. These caps are structured to balance coverage with the potential costs associated with different conditions.
Waiting Periods Before Coverage Begins:
Most dog insurance plans have waiting periods before coverage begins. This period, typically ranging from 30 days to several months, means there’s no protection for pre-existing conditions or newly emerging health issues during this time. For dogs with a known history of health issues, consider choosing a policy with a shorter waiting period. Compare policies and understand the waiting period duration to determine if it aligns with the potential health concerns for your dog.
By understanding these limitations, you can make a more informed decision about dog insurance. Carefully reviewing policy documents and discussing your concerns with insurance providers is crucial. Comparing policies side-by-side ensures the chosen coverage meets your specific needs. Consider your pet’s age, breed, and lifestyle when evaluating your final decision.
Choosing the right dog insurance plan requires more than just comparing premiums; it’s about understanding your dog’s health risks and finding a policy that truly protects your pet. Assessing your dog’s breed, lifestyle, and potential health risks are vital factors in selecting a policy that aligns with your budget and your pet’s ongoing well-being. Be sure to compare coverage options and potential payouts across different insurance providers to obtain the most optimal protection.
Choosing the right dog insurance plan is more than just comparing premiums; it’s about understanding your dog’s unique needs and finding a policy that truly protects your furry friend. This section delves into crucial factors, from assessing your dog’s breed and lifestyle to comparing coverage options, helping you make an informed decision that aligns with your budget and your pet’s well-being. Evaluating different insurance providers is essential to ensure optimal protection and understanding the limitations of each policy. Crucially, considering pre-existing conditions and exclusions is also crucial for informed decision-making.
Assessing Your Dog’s Needs is crucial when deciding if and which dog insurance policy is right for you. Understanding your dog’s unique characteristics—breed, age, and lifestyle—allows you to make a more informed decision and potentially save money in the long run. Important factors include breed-specific health risks, age-related concerns, and the intensity of your dog’s activity level. For example, a high-energy dog might be prone to injuries needing more extensive coverage than a more sedentary one.
Breed-Specific Health Concerns:
Certain breeds are predisposed to specific health problems. For instance, German Shepherds are prone to hip dysplasia, while Bulldogs often suffer respiratory issues. Thorough research into your dog’s breed-specific health risks is vital. Knowing these potential issues enables you to choose insurance that covers common breed-related conditions and understand potential exclusions that might apply. Websites like the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) offer valuable resources, enabling you to tailor your coverage to your dog’s potential needs. If your dog has genetic predispositions to serious ailments, comprehensive insurance might be crucial to mitigate financial risks.
Age-Related Health Issues:
A puppy’s insurance needs differ significantly from those of an older dog. Puppies often require vaccinations and preventative care, while older dogs might face age-related conditions like arthritis or cognitive decline. A senior dog policy may be a better fit for a canine companion entering their golden years. Insurance providers may have age limits or restrictions. The risk of developing age-related health conditions increases significantly with age, making customized coverage crucial. Review the specific age range and limitations associated with the different policies before purchasing.
Lifestyle and Activity Level Considerations:
A dog who lives a sedentary lifestyle has different health risks than a dog who engages in strenuous activities. A high-energy dog, such as a working dog or a herding dog, might be prone to injuries like sprains or fractures. Your dog’s activity level directly impacts the potential for accidents, injuries, and veterinary treatment. Factors like frequent runs, dog park visits, or agility training all influence the risk assessment. Comprehensive insurance that covers accidents and injuries may be more beneficial for active dogs. Insurance premiums often reflect the dog’s lifestyle, and higher-risk activities lead to elevated premiums. Tailor your coverage to your dog’s lifestyle and activity level, carefully considering the potential risks and exclusions associated with different policies.
Comparing Coverage Options: A Deep Dive into Dog Insurance Policies
Choosing the right dog insurance plan requires careful comparison. Don’t just rely on a single provider; research thoroughly to find the best fit for your furry friend’s needs and your budget. Compare different types of policies to ensure coverage aligns with your expectations. Analyze the limitations and exclusions carefully before committing to a specific insurer. Research and comparison can help identify potential savings, allowing you to focus on policies that provide the best value for your money and meet your particular pet’s needs.
Researching Different Providers:
Thoroughly research different insurers, considering factors like coverage amounts, exclusions (such as pre-existing conditions or routine procedures), and cost. Understand the conditions and procedures covered and how premiums change over time based on factors like your dog’s age and breed. Don’t overlook the fine print regarding coverage limits and the excess amount you might need to pay out-of-pocket. Carefully review and compare different policy details, including benefits, exclusions, and cost structures.
Start by researching multiple insurance companies, extending your search beyond frequently advertised providers. Explore smaller, specialized insurers alongside large, established names. Compare their coverage options, premiums, and the types of veterinary care included. Reputable comparison websites, like InsureMyPet, can facilitate side-by-side plan comparisons. Look for plans that address specific needs, such as breed-specific ailments or senior pet coverage. Thoroughly consider claim processing times, customer service reviews, and the company’s reputation for handling complex or delicate cases. A crucial aspect is reviewing how a provider handles claims for pre-existing conditions and the potential limitations imposed by policy exclusions.
Reading Reviews and Testimonials: Once you’ve shortlisted a few providers, delve deeper into customer experiences. Read online reviews and testimonials from other pet owners on platforms like Trustpilot or Google Reviews. Look for common themes. Do recurring issues emerge with claim processing or customer service responsiveness? Real-life accounts provide critical insights into a provider’s strengths and weaknesses. However, be wary of overly positive or overwhelmingly negative reviews; a balanced perspective provides a more accurate assessment. Consider how reviews align with the type of policy offered – accident-only, comprehensive, or lifetime coverage.
Understanding Policy Terms and Conditions:This is crucial. Don’t just skim the summary; carefully read the entire policy document. Pay close attention to specific details like:
- Exclusions: What conditions are not covered? Pre-existing conditions often require waiting periods or are excluded entirely; understand these exclusions to avoid potential disappointments. Policies may not cover routine treatments, cosmetic procedures, or behavioral issues unrelated to illness. Moreover, certain breeds or animals used for specific purposes might be excluded. Consider how exclusions align with the pet’s typical needs and potential risks.
- Deductibles and Co-pays: How much will you pay out-of-pocket before the insurance kicks in? High deductibles can significantly impact your financial burden, especially in critical emergencies. The deductible amount and the required co-pay can significantly vary between policies and providers. Compare these features across different plans to estimate the financial burden of claims.
- Maximum Payment Limits: What’s the maximum amount the insurance company will pay? This is critical for long-term or severe illnesses that might involve multiple claims and substantial costs. Limits outlined in the policy document offer a clear understanding of coverage extent. For serious illnesses or injuries, a higher limit might be a prudent choice.
- Waiting periods (pre-existing conditions, accidents, etc.): These are crucial for coverage eligibility; understand these periods and plan accordingly. Waiting periods and exclusions are common policy features and are critical to understand before purchasing a policy.
- Claim processing steps: Understand the insurer’s protocols and the timeframe for processing claims. This can help you to estimate the time it takes for claims to be approved and paid.
- Network/approved vet list: Confirm that your preferred veterinarians are included in the insurer’s network or acceptable to the provider. A wider vet network might offer greater flexibility in care.
By meticulously examining these policy facets, you can gain a comprehensive understanding of its strengths and limitations, enabling a well-informed decision aligned with your pet’s needs and financial capabilities.
Weighing the Pros and Cons: Is Dog Insurance Worth It?
Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to get dog insurance comes down to a careful assessment of the pros and cons, considering your individual circumstances and pet care philosophy. A rigorous cost-benefit analysis—considering veterinary costs, policy exclusions, and potential premiums—is paramount in making an informed decision.
Conducting a Cost-Benefit Analysis:
Start by estimating future veterinary costs over several years. Consider potential emergencies, such as injuries from accidents or illnesses like hip dysplasia, which are more prevalent in certain breeds. Include routine care like annual checkups, vaccinations, and preventative treatments in your calculations. Next, carefully examine the monthly premiums and deductibles associated with different insurance plans. Compare your anticipated vet bills against the insurance costs. Assess the overall policy limits and exclusions to ensure they match your dog’s needs and lifestyle. Research various providers and compare coverage, paying particular attention to the policy’s exclusions, as some conditions like pre-existing illnesses are not covered. Online tools can help you estimate potential costs. Remember that the calculation involves more than just the initial premium; it considers potential long-term savings or out-of-pocket expenses if your dog faces unexpected health issues.
Individual Circumstances and Pet Care Philosophy:
Your personal financial situation is a significant factor. If you have substantial savings, insurance might not be essential. However, if your finances are tight, insurance can provide crucial peace of mind and prevent overwhelming financial burdens. Your pet’s health history and breed are critical factors. Breeds prone to specific conditions (like hip dysplasia in large breeds) could benefit more from proactive coverage. Also, consider your lifestyle. If you’re an active owner with a high-energy dog prone to accidents, insurance becomes more valuable. If your dog is generally healthy and lives an indoor life, the investment might be less urgent. Be mindful of your preventative care approach, such as diet and exercise, as this can also influence your insurance needs.
Making an Informed Decision:
Don’t rush into a decision. Thoroughly evaluate different insurance providers, comparing coverage options, and meticulously reading reviews to understand policy details. Pay close attention to the types of treatments covered, the deductible amounts, and any specific exclusions. Be aware that insurance is not a guarantee; it’s a financial safeguard. Carefully compare various plans, understand your pet’s current and future health needs to reach a well-informed decision. Consider the financial protection, comprehensive care options, and potential limitations each policy offers. Ultimately, dog insurance should be treated as part of a comprehensive pet care plan, not a replacement for responsible preventative measures and care that fosters a healthy lifestyle.
Next Steps if You Choose to Get Coverage
Deciding to get dog insurance is a significant step. Now, translate that decision into action. Here’s a breakdown of the practical next steps:
Choosing a Provider:
Don’t rush this critical decision. Research reputable insurance companies specializing in pet coverage. Compare policies meticulously, focusing not just on the monthly premium but also on coverage options. Look for companies with a strong reputation, positive reviews from other pet owners, and clear, easy-to-understand policy documents. Explore various comparison websites to gather information and compare quotes. Check for local presence and accessible customer support. Review the specific policies, including their network of veterinary providers and their claims processing time. Read testimonials and reviews to gauge customer satisfaction; reputable organizations and comparison websites can help with this research process. A detailed comparison chart can help you understand the differences between providers.
Applying for a Policy:
Once you’ve selected a provider, the application process typically involves providing detailed information about your dog, including their age, breed, health history, and any pre-existing conditions. Honesty and thoroughness during this stage are crucial; omitting information could hinder your claim if a covered condition arises later. Carefully review the application forms, ensuring all required documentation is present, including veterinary records. Consider uploading digital records wherever possible to expedite the process. Pay close attention to the policy’s terms and conditions, including waiting periods, deductibles, and exclusions, which vary significantly between policies. Policies often have annual limits on covered expenses and per-condition limits, impacting the amount covered during a policy year.
Understanding Your Coverage and Responsibilities:
Thoroughly reviewing the policy document is vital for avoiding future surprises. Pay careful attention to the specifics of coverage, such as accident vs. illness coverage, types of treatments covered, and exclusions. Note the out-of-pocket expenses (deductibles and co-pays), and understand the claims process. Importantly, review the insurer’s guidelines for preventive care or routine checkups to grasp the limits of coverage. Understanding your responsibilities, including providing required documentation, maintaining veterinary records, and adhering to policy provisions, is equally important. Ask clarifying questions regarding anything unclear to the customer support team. Different policies have varying exclusion criteria, and it’s critical to understand what is and isn’t covered. Compare different policies to find the one that best suits your pet’s needs and your budget. Factors such as your pet’s age, breed, and health history heavily influence premium costs and coverage.
By methodically following these steps, you can make an informed decision and enjoy the peace of mind that comes with choosing the right dog insurance policy for your furry friend. Remember to regularly review your policy to ensure it remains appropriate as your pet ages and its healthcare needs change. Compare different policies to secure the most affordable and comprehensive package based on specific requirements.
References
- Types of cover | Pet insurance | | ABI
- Types of pet insurance | Petplan
- Pet insurance – do you need it? | MoneyHelper
- Pet insurance: best cat, horse and dog insurance – MSE
- Best pet insurance providers – Times Money Mentor
- What should I think about when buying insurance? | Pet Insurance | Insurance | ABI
- Common exclusions | Pet insurance | Insurance | ABI
- 10 Common Types of Exclusions in Pet Insurance — Pumpkin®
- What Is Not Covered by Pet Insurance?
- Common Pet Insurance Exclusions | Simples! | Compare the Market
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