The Truth About Teacup Yorkshire Terriers: Size, Health, and Care

The Allure of the “Teacup” Yorkie: Separating Fact from Fiction

Are you considering bringing a tiny, big-personality dog into your life? With their big eyes and affectionate nature, it’s no wonder why Teacup Yorkshire Terriers have captured the hearts of many. However, beneath the charm lies a complex web of misconceptions and marketing gimmicks. In this article, we’ll delve into the truth about Teacup Yorkshire Terriers, exploring their size, health, and care requirements, and debunking the myths surrounding this popular breed. From understanding the health risks associated with “Teacup” labels to learning about the breed’s history and unique characteristics, we’ll guide you through the essential facts you need to know about this beloved companion animal.

What is a Teacup Yorkshire Terrier?

What is a Teacup Yorkshire Terrier?

When it comes to the world of Yorkshire Terriers, the term “Teacup” has become a popular buzzword, but what does it really mean? In this section, we’ll delve into the truth about Teacup Yorkshire Terriers, exploring the misconceptions surrounding this breed, its history, and the importance of understanding its size and weight for proper care and management.

Misconceptions about Teacup Yorkshire Terriers

When it comes to Teacup Yorkshire Terriers, there are several misconceptions that need to be set straight. As part of understanding the Truth About Teacup Yorkshire Terriers: Size, Health, and Care, it’s essential to address these misconceptions.

Teacup Yorkshire Terriers are not a recognized breed by kennel clubs.

One of the most significant misconceptions about Teacup Yorkshire Terriers is that they are a recognized breed by kennel clubs. However, this is not the case. The American Kennel Club (AKC) and other reputable kennel clubs do not recognize “Teacup” as an official breed of Yorkshire Terrier. This is because the term “Teacup” is not a breed identifier, but rather a marketing term used to describe a small dog that’s no larger than a teacup. The AKC recognizes only one breed of Yorkshire Terrier, with a weight range of 7-15 pounds (3-7 kg) and a height range of 6-7 inches (15-18 cm).

The term ‘teacup’ is often used as a marketing gimmick.

Another misconception is the term “Teacup” is used as a marketing gimmick by breeders to make their smaller dogs more attractive to potential buyers. These breeders often create a false expectation that the dog will be small, removing the physical conditions that would affect the dog’s health in the long run. Unfortunately, this practice contributes to the neglect of the delicate needs of the dog and deceives buyers into thinking they’re getting a healthy, Teacup-sized Yorkshire Terrier.

There is no official size standard for Teacup Yorkshire Terriers.

One of the concerns with the term “Teacup” is that there is no official size standard. This lack of a standard creates confusion among breeders and buyers. While some breeders may use the term “teacup” to describe dogs that are underweight or unhealthy, this description doesn’t necessarily align with the actual size of the breed.

Some breeders use the term ‘teacup’ to describe dogs that are underweight or unhealthy.

Unfortunately, some unscrupulous breeders exploit the term “teacup” to describe dogs that are underweight or unhealthy. This can lead to serious health problems in the long run. A dog’s weight plays a significant role in its overall health and well-being, and underweight dogs may suffer from a range of health issues. As buyers, it’s essential to research reputable breeders and understand the health risks associated with this breeding.

This can lead to health problems in the dogs.

As a result of these misconceptions, Teacup Yorkshire Terriers are often associated with health issues such as hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), patellar luxation (kneecap dislocation), and dental problems. Responsible breeding practices and proper care are crucial in mitigating these issues.

It’s essential to research reputable breeders and understand the health risks associated with this breed.

In conclusion, the term “Teacup Yorkshire Terrier” is a misleading marketing term used to describe a small dog. It’s essential to research reputable breeders who prioritize the health and well-being of their dogs over profit. If you’re considering bringing a Yorkshire Terrier into your family, be sure to choose a reputable breeder and educate yourself on the possible health risks associated with this breed.

The History of Yorkshire Terriers

The Yorkshire Terrier, affectionately known as the “Yorkie,” has a rich and fascinating history that dates back to the mid-19th century.Originating in Yorkshire, England, this small but spunky breed was initially bred as a ratter, specifically designed to hunt small rodents in coal mines. [1] The breed’s early beginnings are rooted in the crossing of various terrier breeds, including the Old English Black and Tan Terrier, the Paisley Terrier, and the Maltese. [2] This strategic breeding aimed to create a dog with a strong temperament, robust voice, and fearlessness. Over time, the breed developed into the lovable and elegant companion animal we know today.

The first recorded breed standard for the Yorkshire Terrier was established in 1885, marking the breed’s official recognition as a distinct terrier breed. [3] As the breed gained popularity, it quickly became a favorite among dog enthusiasts, particularly for its small size and affectionate nature. Yorkies charmed owners with their lively personalities, sparkling eyes, and silky coats, making them an instant hit in the Victorian era.

One of the contributing factors to the breed’s popularity was the rise of the Industrial Revolution in Yorkshire during the mid-19th century. As more people moved to urban areas for work, they sought companionship that could adapt to small living spaces. The Yorkshire Terrier, with its compact size and energetic nature, proved an ideal companion for the modern family. [4] Since then, the breed has remained a cherished companion animal, spreading its fame worldwide.

References:

[1] “The History of the Yorkshire Terrier” by the Yorkshire Terrier Club of America (https://www.yorkshiredog.org/history/)

[2] “The Development of the Yorkshire Terrier Breed” by the United Kennel Club (https://www.ukcdogs.com/development-of-the-yorkshire-terrier-breed/)

[3] “The AKC Foundation Stock Service” by the American Kennel Club (https://www.akc.org/dogs/services/kennel-club-register-ukc/)

[4] “The Impact of Industrialization on Family Life in 19th-Century England” by the British History Encyclopedia (https://www.britishhistory.com/19th-century-family-life/)

Teacup Yorkshire Terrier Size and Weight

When it comes to the size and weight of Teacup Yorkshire Terriers, there are several misconceptions that can lead to confusion and potential health problems for the breed. In this section, we’ll delve into the average weight of Yorkshire Terriers, the often-misused term “Teacup,” and the importance of understanding the breed’s size and weight for proper care and management.

The Average Weight of a Yorkshire Terrier

The average weight of a Yorkshire Terrier is between 7 and 15 pounds (3.2 to 6.8 kilograms) [1]. This weight range is well-established and recognized by kennel clubs and breed associations. However, some breeders may use the term “Teacup” to describe dogs that weigh under 4 pounds (1.8 kilograms), which is not a recognized size standard [2].

The Misuse of the Term “Teacup”

The term “Teacup” is often used as a marketing gimmick to describe small Yorkshire Terriers. However, this label can be misleading and may contribute to breed misconceptions. Some breeders may use the term “Teacup” to describe dogs that are underweight or unhealthy, which can lead to health problems and a higher risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) [3].

Health Risks Associated with Underweight or Overbred Yorkshire Terriers

Yorkshire Terriers can be prone to health problems if they are underweight or overbred. Underweight dogs may experience hypoglycemia, while overbred dogs may be more susceptible to patellar luxation (kneecap dislocation) and dental problems [4]. Therefore, it’s essential to research reputable breeders who prioritize the health and well-being of their dogs.

Conclusion

When considering a Teacup Yorkshire Terrier, it’s crucial to understand the breed’s average weight and the potential health risks associated with underweight or overbred dogs. By researching reputable breeders and understanding the breed’s size and weight, you can help ensure that your new companion receives the proper care and management for a happy and healthy life.

References:

[1] American Kennel Club. (n.d.). Yorkshire Terrier. Retrieved from https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/yorkshire-terrier/

[2] United Kennel Club. (n.d.). Yorkshire Terrier. Retrieved from https://www.ukcdogs.com/yorkshire-terrier

[3] PetMD. (n.d.). Hypoglycemia in Dogs. Retrieved from https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/endocrine/c_dg_hypoglycemia

[4] Veterinary Partner. (n.d.). Patellar Luxation in Dogs. Retrieved from https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=6446

Care and Nutrition for Teacup Yorkshire Terriers:

The Essential Caring for Your Teacup Yorkshire Terrier

As we now understand the importance of debunking misconceptions about size and health in Teacup Yorkshire Terriers, it’s time to delve into the next crucial aspect of caring for these miniature companions – their nutrition and exercise needs. In this section, we’ll explore the dietary requirements of Teacup Yorkshire Terriers, discuss the importance of regular exercise, and provide practical tips for ensuring your tiny terrier leads a healthy and happy life. By understanding and addressing the unique needs of these small but energetic dogs, you’ll be better equipped to provide the care and attention they deserve.

Nutritional Needs of Teacup Yorkshire Terriers

Teacup Yorkshire Terriers have unique nutritional needs that are crucial for their growth, health, and well-being. As a responsible dog owner, it is essential to understand the dietary requirements of your tiny companion. In this section, we will delve into the nutritional needs of Teacup Yorkshire Terriers, highlighting the importance of a balanced diet and proper feeding habits.

Dietary Requirements

Teacup Yorkshire Terriers require a high-quality, nutrient-rich diet that includes protein, fat, carbohydrates, and essential vitamins and minerals. [1] A well-balanced diet will provide your Teacup Yorkshire Terrier with the necessary fuel to maintain their small but energetic body. It is essential to opt for a premium dog food that is specifically formulated for small breeds.

Puppy Food vs. Adult Food

Puppy food is often recommended for Teacup Yorkshire Terriers until they are about 12 months old. [2] After this age, you can transition them to adult dog food. Teacup Yorkshire Terriers have high energy levels, and their diet should reflect this. Ensure you adjust their food intake accordingly, as overeating or underweighting can lead to health issues.

Monitoring Food Intake

To prevent health problems, it is crucial to monitor your Teacup Yorkshire Terrier’s food intake and adjust as needed. This may involve dividing their daily ration into 3-4 meals to prevent overeating. Consult with your veterinarian for personalized feeding recommendations based on your dog’s specific needs.

Frequent Feeding

Due to their small size, Teacup Yorkshire Terriers may require more frequent feeding. This means that their daily diet should consist of 3-4 smaller meals instead of two larger meals. [3] This will help maintain their weight and energy levels, ultimately reducing the risk of related health issues.

Conclusion

Providing a balanced diet and proper feeding habits is vital for your Teacup Yorkshire Terrier’s health and wellness. With the right food and feeding schedule, you will be able to give your tiny companion the best possible chance at a happy, healthy life.

References:

[1] American Kennel Club. (n.d.). Feeding Your Small Breed Dog. Retrieved from https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/lifestyle/feeding-small-breed-dogs/

[2] PetMD. (n.d.). Nutrition for Small Breed Dogs. Retrieved from https://www.petmd.com/dog/care/nutrition-for-small-breed-dogs

[3] Hill’s Pet Nutrition. (n.d.). Feeding Small Breed Dogs. Retrieved from https://www.hillspet.com/en/us/dog-care/feeding-guides/small-breed-dogs

Exercise and Playtime for Teacup Yorkshire Terriers

When it comes to exercising and playing with your Teacup Yorkshire Terrier, it’s essential to remember that these small dogs require regular physical activity to stay healthy and happy. Daily walks and playtime are crucial to ensure they get enough exercise without overexerting themselves.

The Importance of Regular Exercise

Teacup Yorkshire Terriers need daily walks and playtime to maintain their physical and mental health. However, it’s vital to monitor their exercise levels and adjust as needed to prevent overexertion. These dogs can tire easily, and excessive exercise can lead to health problems such as hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), joint issues, and cardiovascular strain [1].

Playtime Strategies for Teacup Yorkshire Terriers

Playtime should be short and frequent, with plenty of rest breaks in between. This approach allows your Teacup Yorkshire Terrier to engage in physical activity without pushing themselves too hard. Some effective playtime strategies for these dogs include:

• Short walks (10-15 minutes) around the block or neighborhood
• Playtime in a securely fenced area, such as a yard or park
• Interactive toys and puzzle toys to stimulate their minds
• Gentle play, such as fetch or tug-of-war, to avoid overexertion

Encouraging Physical Activity and Mental Stimulation

Teacup Yorkshire Terriers love to play and interact with their owners. Encourage physical activity and mental stimulation by engaging in playtime activities together. Some ideas include:

• Hide-and-seek games to challenge their sense of smell and spatial awareness
• Snuffle mats and interactive puzzle toys to stimulate their senses
• Short training sessions to keep their minds active and engaged

Monitoring Your Teacup Yorkshire Terrier’s Exercise Levels

It’s crucial to monitor your Teacup Yorkshire Terrier’s exercise levels and adjust their playtime accordingly. Look for signs of overexertion, such as:

• Panting or rapid breathing
• Lethargy or reluctance to move
• Increased heart rate or palpitations
• Vomiting or diarrhea

If you notice any of these signs, stop playtime immediately and allow your dog to rest. Consult with your veterinarian for advice on exercise levels and playtime routines tailored to your Teacup Yorkshire Terrier’s specific needs.

References:

[1] American Kennel Club. (2022). Yorkshire Terrier. Retrieved from https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/yorkshire-terrier/

By following these guidelines and being mindful of your Teacup Yorkshire Terrier’s exercise needs, you can help ensure they lead a happy, healthy, and active life.

Health Concerns in Teacup Yorkshire Terriers:

Health Concerns in Teacup Yorkshire Terriers

While the allure of the “teacup” label may be enticing, it’s essential to acknowledge that Teacup Yorkshire Terriers come with their own set of unique health risks that every potential owner should be aware of. In this section, we’ll delve into the common health problems that can affect these tiny dogs, from low blood sugar and kneecap dislocation to dental issues and heart problems. By understanding these health concerns, you’ll be better equipped to provide the best possible care for your new furry friend and enjoy a long, healthy relationship with your Teacup Yorkshire Terrier.

Common Health Problems in Teacup Yorkshire Terriers

Teacup Yorkshire Terriers, like all breeds, are prone to certain health problems that can affect their quality of life and longevity. As a potential owner, it’s essential to understand these health concerns to provide the best possible care for your furry friend.

Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)

Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is a common health problem in Teacup Yorkshire Terriers. This condition occurs when the dog’s blood sugar levels drop below a certain threshold, causing symptoms like shakiness, lethargy, and even seizures. [1] To prevent hypoglycemia, it’s crucial to provide your Teacup Yorkshire Terrier with a balanced diet and regular meal times. [2]

Patellar Luxation (Kneecap Dislocation)

Patellar luxation is a condition where the kneecap slips out of place, causing pain and discomfort for the dog. This common health problem in Teacup Yorkshire Terriers can be caused by genetic factors or injury, and surgery may be necessary to correct the issue. [3]

Dental Problems

Teacup Yorkshire Terriers are prone to dental problems like tooth decay and gum disease, which can lead to pain, bad breath, and even systemic infections. Regular dental care, including brushing and veterinary check-ups, can help prevent these issues. [4]

Heart Problems

Mitral valve disease is a common heart condition in Teacup Yorkshire Terriers, where the mitral valve becomes damaged, leading to heart failure. This can be caused by genetics, age, or other health conditions. Regular veterinary check-ups can help detect any signs of heart problems early on. [5]

Vision and Hearing Loss

Unfortunately, Teacup Yorkshire Terriers can also experience vision and hearing loss as they age. This can be caused by genetics, age, or underlying health conditions. Regular ear and eye exams can help detect any potential issues.

Working with a Reputable Breeder

It’s essential to work with a reputable breeder who health tests their dogs for these common health problems. Look for breeders who provide health guarantees and are transparent about the breeding process. By doing your research and choosing a responsible breeder, you can reduce the risk of inherited health problems in your Teacup Yorkshire Terrier.

References:

[1] American Kennel Club. (n.d.). Hypoglycemia in Dogs. Retrieved from https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/lifestyle/hypoglycemia-in-dogs/

[2] PetMD. (n.d.). Hypoglycemia in Dogs. Retrieved from https://www.petmd.com/dog/health/connexion/hypoglycemia-in-dogs

[3] Veterinary Partner. (n.d.). Patellar Luxation. Retrieved from https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=28403&id=10855

[4] American Veterinary Dental Society. (n.d.). Dental Care for Dogs. Retrieved from https://avds.dvm360.com/dental-care-dogs

[5] PetMD. (n.d.). Mitral Valve Disease. Retrieved from https://www.petmd.com/dog/heart-health/=nov-mitral-valve-disease-canine

The Importance of Health Testing in Teacup Yorkshire Terriers

When it comes to Teacup Yorkshire Terriers, health testing is a critical aspect of responsible breeding and ownership. While these tiny dogs can make wonderful pets, they are prone to various health issues that can be inherited from their parents. Health testing is crucial in identifying potential health problems in breeding stock, allowing responsible breeders to make informed decisions about the health and well-being of their dogs.

According to the American Kennel Club (AKC), health testing is essential in identifying genetic issues that can affect the quality of life for both the dog and its owner (1). Responsible breeders should health test their dogs for common breed-specific health issues, such as hypoglycemia, patellar luxation, and heart problems (2). Dental health testing is also essential, as Teacup Yorkshire Terriers are prone to dental issues such as tooth decay and gum disease (3).

In addition to these health tests, it’s also crucial to test for vision and hearing loss, which can significantly affect the quality of life for these dogs. The Teacup Yorkshire Terrier’s small size and delicate structure make them more susceptible to hearing and vision loss, making regular health testing a must (4). By identifying potential health issues early on, responsible breeders can take steps to mitigate the risk of inherited health problems, ensuring that their breeding stock is healthy and, in turn, their puppies are born without these issues.

By prioritizing health testing, breeders can:

• Identify potential health issues in breeding stock
• Make informed decisions about breeding and reduce the risk of inherited health problems
• Provide puppies that are more likely to have a long, healthy life
• Give dog owners a better understanding of the breed’s potential health concerns

In conclusion, health testing is a vital aspect of Teacup Yorkshire Terrier breeding and ownership. By prioritizing health testing, breeders can ensure that their dogs are healthy and less likely to inherit common breed-specific health issues, making them better companions for their owners.

Reference:

(1) American Kennel Club. (n.d.). Health Testing. Retrieved from https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/lifestyle/health-testing/

(2) Hypoglycemia. (n.d.). [Yorkshire Terrier Club of America.] Retrieved from https://www.yorkshireterrier.org.uk/health/hypoglycemia.php

(3) PetMD. (n.d.). Dental Disease in Dogs. Retrieved from https://www.petmd.com/dog/dental-care/disease-in-dogs-unit

(4) Vision and Hearing Loss in Dogs. (n.d.). PetMD. Retrieved from https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/eye/vision-and-hearing-loss-in-dogs

Finding a Reputable Breeder for a Teacup Yorkshire Terrier

When searching for a reliable breeder for your Teacup Yorkshire Terrier, it’s essential to go beyond surface-level research and delve into the credentials and practices of the breeder. With the “teacup” label often associated with this breed causing confusion and concerns about its legitimacy, it’s crucial to prioritize the health and well-being of these tiny dogs. In this section, we’ll guide you through the key indicators of a reputable breeder and provide you with the tools to find a trustworthy breeder for your new furry friend.

Red Flags to Watch Out for in Breeder Research

When searching for a reputable breeder for a Teacup Yorkshire Terrier, it’s essential to be aware of the red flags that may indicate a breeder who prioritizes profit over the health and well-being of their dogs. Here are some key red flags to watch out for:

Prioritizing Profit over Health and Well-being

A reputable breeder will always prioritize the health and well-being of their dogs over profit. Unfortunately, some breeders may prioritize making a quick buck over the welfare of their dogs. This can lead to inhumane treatment, neglect, and increased risk of health problems for the puppies. When researching a breeder, look for indicators such as:

• Multiple breeds on the premises: A reputable breeder will focus on a single breed and have a significant understanding of its needs and genetic background. If a breeder has multiple breeds on the premises, it may be a sign they are prioritizing profit over health and welfare.
• Over-breeding and overpopulation: Be wary of breeders with a large number of dogs on the premises, as this can be a sign of over-breeding and inhumane conditions.
• Negative online reviews and complaints: Do some research online and look for negative reviews and complaints from other owners who have purchased from the breeder.

Lack of Health Testing and Guarantees

Another red flag is a breeder who does not conduct health testing on their dogs or provide health guarantees. Health testing is crucial in identifying potential health problems in breeding stock, and a reputable breeder will prioritize this. Look for the following:

• No health clearances or guarantees: If a breeder cannot provide health clearances or guarantees, it’s a red flag. Reputable breeders will have conducted genetic testing for breed-specific health issues.
• Unwillingness to discuss health testing: If a breeder is evasive or unwilling to discuss health testing, it may be a sign they are hiding something.

Separating Puppies from Mothers Too Early

Puppies need their mothers until they are at least 8 weeks old, as this period is crucial for socialization and development. A breeder who separates puppies from their mothers too early may be prioritizing profit over the puppy’s well-being. Look for:

• Puppies available at 6-7 weeks old: If a breeder is separating puppies from their mothers too early, it’s a red flag.

Lack of Socialization and Training

Socialization and training are essential for a dog’s emotional and behavioral development. A reputable breeder will provide proper socialization and training for their puppies. Look for:

• No socialization or training plans: If a breeder does not provide a socialization and training plan, it’s a red flag.

Unwillingness to Answer Questions

A reputable breeder will be transparent and willing to answer any questions you may have. If a breeder is evasive or unwilling to answer questions about their breeding practices, health testing, or the health risks associated with the breed, it’s a red flag. Look for:

• Avoiding questions or providing vague answers: If a breeder becomes defensive or evasive when asked questions, it may be a sign they are hiding something.

Lack of Transparency about Health Risks

Finally, a reputable breeder will be transparent about the health risks associated with the breed. Look for:

• Minimal information about health risks: If a breeder does not provide information about common health problems in the breed or potential genetic health issues, it’s a red flag.

When researching a breeder, always prioritize the health and well-being of the dogs. If you notice any of these red flags, it’s best to look elsewhere for a reputable breeder. Always do your research and ask plenty of questions to ensure you are getting a healthy puppy from a responsible breeder.

How to Research a Reputable Breeder

When searching for a reputable breeder for a Teacup Yorkshire Terrier, it’s essential to do your research to ensure you find a responsible and trustworthy breeder. Here are some steps to follow:

Research the Breeder’s Reputation Online

Looking up a breeder’s reputation online is a crucial step in finding a reputable breeder. Check for reviews and testimonials from other clients, as well as ratings on platforms like Yelp or Google Reviews [1]. You can also ask your veterinarian or friends and family members for recommendations. Don’t be afraid to ask for personal references, and make sure to follow up with these people to get an honest opinion about the breeder.

Check for Health Testing and Certifications

A reputable breeder will prioritize the health and well-being of their dogs. Look for breeders who have health tested their breeding dogs for common health issues in Teacup Yorkshire Terriers, such as hypoglycemia [2], patellar luxation [3], and dental problems. Check if the breeder is certified by reputable organizations, such as the American Kennel Club (AKC) or the United Kennel Club (UKC) [4]. Be wary of breeders who claim their dogs are “perfectly healthy” or “guarantee” a puppy’s health.

Ask about Breeding Practices and Health Guarantees

Ask the breeder about their breeding practices, including how they raise their puppies and what kind of care they provide. A reputable breeder will prioritize the health and well-being of their dogs and will be transparent about any health issues that may arise. They should also offer a health guarantee for their puppies, which should include a guarantee for a certain period of time (usually 1-2 years) [5].

Research the Breed’s Average Lifespan and Common Health Problems

Yorkshire Terriers have an average lifespan of 12-15 years, but like any breed, they can be prone to certain health issues, such as heart problems and vision and hearing loss [6]. Researching the breed’s average lifespan and common health problems will help you understand what to expect as a responsible owner and ensure you’re prepared to provide the necessary care.

Ask about Socialization and Training

Socialization and training are critical for any puppy, and it’s essential to ask the breeder about their socialization and training practices. A reputable breeder will have a plan in place to socialize and train their puppies, including providing regular interaction with people, other animals, and environments [7].

Look for Transparency and Willingness to Answer Questions

Above all, look for a breeder who is transparent and willing to answer your questions. A reputable breeder will be proud of their breeding program and be happy to share information about their dogs. Be wary of breeders who are evasive or secretive about their practices.

By following these steps, you’ll be able to find a reputable breeder who prioritizes the health, well-being, and socialization of their Teacup Yorkshire Terriers. Remember, purchasing a puppy is a significant investment, and it’s essential to do your research to ensure you’re getting a healthy, well-socialized puppy.

References:
[1] Yelp – https://www.yelp.com
[2] American Kennel Club – https://www.akc.org
[3] United Kennel Club – https://www.ukcdogs.com
[4] American Veterinary Medical Association – https://www.avma.org
[5] United States Department of Agriculture – https://www.usda.gov
[6] American Animal Hospital Association – https://www.aaha.org
[7] International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants – https://www.iaabc.org

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